The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is a commonly used psychometric tool to measure narcissistic personality traits. Originally developed by Raskin and Hall in 1979 with some revisions and improvements. Among them, NPI-16 is a simplified version of NPI, proposed by Ames, Rose and Anderson in 2006. The NPI-16 is a 16-item scale designed to measure an individual's tendency toward narcissist...

The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-56) is a commonly used psychometric tool to assess an individual's narcissistic tendencies. It was designed and developed in 1979 by Professor Ruskin of the University of California, USA. NPI stands for "Narcissistic Personality Inventory", and 56 represents the number of questions in the test. The NPI-56 uses a self-report assessment, in which subjects ...

The Adaptive Narcissism Scale (ANS) is a psychometric tool used to measure adaptive narcissism. Adaptive narcissism refers to a tendency of self-evaluation, including pride in oneself, self-confidence in oneself, recognition of one's own merits and sense of accomplishment, while maintaining the ability to pay appropriate attention to and respect others. Although the word narcissism often has negat...

Narcissism is a psychological illness and a personality disorder. What we call "narcissism" in daily life has a different definition in psychology. Narcissism means that an individual uses the image of his own body as a sexual object, his sexual orientation is sexual, and he is himself, and he has a strong sexual desire for his own image. Usually the object of sexual desire is a mirror image, a ph...

Which of the four psychological temperament types do you belong to? Temperament refers to an individual's relatively stable psychological characteristics and behavioral tendencies, which reflects an individual's typical response to emotions, emotions and behaviors. It includes aspects such as speed, intensity, stability and directivity of psychological activities. Specifically, temperament include...

The Big Five Personality Inventory (Big Five Personality Inventory), also known as the Big Five, BIG FIVE, OCEAN and NEO Personality Inventory, is a widely used psychological measurement tool used to assess an individual's five core personality traits. tendency. The Big Five personality traits include: 1. Openness to experience: measures an individual’s openness to new ideas, imagination, aestheti...