In 1982, Brink et al. created the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) as a tool specifically used to screen for depression in the elderly. Because the elderly have more physical complaints, many physical symptoms of normal elderly people are within the normal range for this age group, but they may be mistakenly diagnosed as depression. The GDS was designed to more sensitively detect somatic symptoms ...

This psychological test is the professional psychological test scale SDS (Self-Rating Depression Scale). It was designed by William WK Zung MD (1929-1992), a psychologist at Duke University in the United States. It is used to assess the level of depression. . The SDS Zong's Self-Rating Depression Scale is one of the scales recommended by the U.S. Department of Education, Health and Welfare for psy...

The Burns Depression Checklist (BDC) is a self-diagnostic tool designed by Dr. David D. Burns, a new generation of American psychotherapist and University of Pennsylvania, to help people quickly assess whether they have depressive symptoms. This self-diagnosis form is based on Dr. Burns' experience and expertise in the research and treatment of depression. It uses a series of questions and assessm...

BDI-SF (Beck Depression Inventory - Short Form), also known as Beck Depression Rating Scale, was compiled by the famous American psychologist Beck AT in the 1960s and has since been widely used. in clinical epidemiological investigations. The early version of BDI had 21 items, and its items were derived from clinical practice. Later it was discovered that some patients with depression, especially ...

According to a survey by the World Health Organization, approximately 100 million people around the world currently suffer from depression, and the number is increasing, making it an "epidemic" today. Depression is a symptom of neurosis. It is a disease caused by body dysfunction caused by excessive use of the brain, mental stress, and physical exertion. It includes insomnia, anxiety, hypochondria...

Depression is a serious psychological disorder that often manifests as low mood, loss of interest and pleasure, self-denial, self-blame, and a sense of helplessness, and even suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Symptoms of depression may affect a person's sleep, eating, and daily activities, placing a significant burden on daily life. The causes of depression may be multifactorial and include biologi...

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a commonly used depressive symptom assessment tool designed to measure a person's level of depression over the past two weeks. The BDI was designed by psychologist Aaron T. Beck and colleagues and first published in 1961. BDI-IA is the initial version of BDI. It has been revised and improved many times and now has the BDI-II version. BDI-IA contains a total o...

Nine-item self-rating depressive symptoms scale (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, referred to as PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 is a simple, effective depressive symptom assessment tool that is widely used in clinical and research fields. It consists of nine questions covering nine common depressive symptoms, including low mood, loss of interest or happiness, sleep problems, feelings of fatigue, changes in appe...

Welcome to take the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale HAMD online free test! The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) was developed by American psychiatrist Max Hamilton in 1960. It is the most commonly used scale in clinical assessment of depression. The scale is a 24-item version, each item has a set of descriptive statements, and the doctor or evaluator needs to judge the degree of the patient's sym...

"Smiling depression" is a type of depression and a new type of depressive tendency that mostly occurs in urban white-collar workers or in the service industry. Due to "the need for work", "the need for face", "the need for etiquette", "the need for dignity and responsibility", they smile most of the time during the day. This "smile" does not come from deep within. It is a real feeling, but a burde...